Study Examines Boyhood Drinking of Fluoridated Water and Possible Links to Osteosarcoma By Daniel DeNoon WebMD Medical News Reviewed By Louise Chang, MD on Thursday, April 06, 2006
April 6, 2006 – Boys who drink fluoridated water have an increased risk of a deadly bone cancer, a new study suggests.
Elise Bassin, DDS, completed the study in 2001 for her doctoral dissertation at Harvard, where she now is clinical instructor in oral health policy and epidemiology. The study finally was published in the May issue of Cancer Causes and Control.
Bassin and colleagues’ major finding: Boys who grew up in communities
that added at least moderate levels of fluoride to their water got
bone cancer — osteosarcoma — more often than boys who drank water
with little or no fluoride.
The risk peaked for boys who drank more highly fluoridated water
between the ages of 6 and 8 years — a time at which children undergo
a major growth spurt. By the time they were 20, these boys got bone
cancer 5.46 times more often than boys with the lowest consumption. No
effect was seen for girls.
Unexpected Results
In a prepared statement provided to WebMD, Bassin says she “was
surprised by the results.”
“Having a background in dentistry and dental public health, [I] was
taught that fluoride at recommended levels is safe and effective for
the prevention of dental [cavities],” Bassin says in the statement.
“All of [our analyses] were consistent in finding an association
between fluoride levels in drinking water and an increased risk of
osteosarcoma for males diagnosed before age 20, but not consistently
for girls.”
It’s not surprising that Bassin found a risk for boys but not for
girls. Osteosarcoma is about 50% more common in males than in females.
And boys tend to have more fluoride in their bones than girls.
Caution About Study
However, a commentary accompanying Bassin’s article warns to take her
findings with a grain of salt. Ironically, it is from Harvard
professor Chester W. Douglass, DMD, PhD. Douglass led Bassin’s PhD
committee, which approved of the study when it was presented as her
doctoral dissertation.
Douglass warns that the Bassin study is based only on a subset of
people exposed to fluoridated water. Preliminary results from the
entire population of exposed individuals, Douglass writes, show no
link between bone cancer and water fluoridation.
But Bassin specifically looked at the subgroup of people most likely
to be affected by fluoridation: children. She limited her analysis to
people who got bone cancer by age 20. That’s because most cases of
osteosarcoma occur either during the teen years or after middle age.
Fluoride collects in the bones. And it’s particularly likely to
accumulate in the bones during periods of rapid bone growth. So Bassin
looked at fluoride exposures during childhood for 103 under-20
osteosarcoma patients and compared them with 215 matched people
without bone cancer. Her study took into account how much fluoride was
in the water in the communities where children actually lived and the
history of municipal, well water, or bottled water use.
The Environmental Working Group, a nonprofit watchdog organization,
says water fluoridation should stop until further research can refute
or confirm Bassin’s findings. Tim Kropp, PhD, is a senior scientist at
EWG.
“About 65% of the U.S. water supply has added fluoride,” Kropp tells
WebMD. “With evidence this strong, it only makes sense to act on it.
Right now, it makes the most sense to put fluoride in toothpaste, and
not into our water. It’s not like this is a huge contaminant that will
cost billions of dollars to fix. We can just stop adding it to our
water it if we want to.”
According to the American Cancer Society, every year some 900
Americans — 400 of them children and teens — get osteosarcoma.
Harvard Study Shows Fluoridation-Cancer Link
New Study Is One of Many Linking Fluoride to Cancer
New York — April 7, 2006 — Fluoridation is linked to bone cancer
(osteosarcoma) in young boys reports the May 2006 Harvard peer-reviewed
journal, “Cancer Causes and Control.”
This fluoridation-cancer study, by Elise Bassin, PhD and colleagues,
follows on the heels of the National Academy of Sciences National
Research Council’s (NRC) report revealing the scientific evidence
showing how fluoridation can harm subsets of the population.
“Monitor your own intake. [high water drinkers], the elderly and
people with severe renal deficiency who have trouble excreting fluoride
in their urine are likely to have increased bone-fluoride
concentrations,” reports the Chicago Tribune. High fluoride levels
damage bones and teeth.(2)
Many studies link fluoride to cancer. Examples:
1954 Taylor reports more tumors and shorter lifespan in fluoride
treated mice. (3)
1956 Landmark 10-year Newburgh/Kingston fluoridation study shows more
cortical bone defects (a suspected precursor to osteosarcoma) in
children drinking fluoridated water. (4)
1977 Burk-Yiamouyiannis show cancer death rates in the 10 largest
fluoridated U.S. cities were higher and rose faster vs. the 10 largest
nonfluoridated U.S. cities after corrections for age, race, and sex..
(5)
1977 National Academy of Sciences expresses concern about a possible
water fluoridation/osteosarcoma link based on the Newburgh /Kingston
cortical bone defect evidence. (6)
1977 Congressional hearings based on the Burk/Yiamouyiannis findings
lead to fluoride cancer testing in rodents by the National Toxicology
Program (NTP) (6)
1990 NTP reports fluoride is an “equivocal” (may or may not) cause
of cancer. EPA drinking water senior toxicologist, William Marcus PhD,
reports results were suspiciously downgraded in the final report.(7)
Marcus was fired for stating the truth but rehired with back pay under
the whistle-blower’s act.
1990 National Cancer Institute finds more osteosarcoma in young males
in fluoridated vs unfluoridated areas; but finds cause to dismiss the
results.(6)
1990 Procter & Gamble (P&G) makes public a 1981-1983 study showing more
bone tumors in fluoride-treated rats but claims they were not
statistically significant. Another P&G study finds a significant
increase in benign bone tumors in fluoride treated mice. (6)
1992 New Jersey Department of Health study shows osteosarcoma rates
higher among young males in fluoridated vs unfluoridated regions of New
Jersey (6). The report’s title was changed to obscure connection to
fluoridation.
1993 Yiamouyiannis’ analysis of National Cancer Institute’s cancer
data confirms fluoridation/osteosarcoma link in males. (6)
2001 Bassin’s Harvard Dissertation shows osteosarcoma in boys in
fluoridated areas is five times higher than in non-fluoridated
areas.(6). Her dissertation is uncovered in the rare books section of
library. Fluoridationists insist the study should be ignored because
it’s not published and it’s only one study.
2002-2005 Chester Douglass, Elise Bassin’s Harvard dissertation
advisor, issues a report to his research funders at the National
Institutes of Health in 2003 in which he concludes there is no link
between fluoridation and bone cancer He references Bassin’s thesis in
support of his statement despite her conclusions which directly
contradict his claim..(9) Douglass also makes the same
misrepresentation in an earlier presentation to the British
Fluoridation Society in 2002. In 2005, Douglass becomes the subject of
a joint federal and Harvard ethics investigation. (10)
2006 NRC Panel finds cancer/fluoride link plausible
2006 (May issue) Bassin’s osteosarcoma/fluoridation study is
published in “Cancer Causes and Control,” along with a letter to
the editor from Chester Douglass who cites unpublished, unfinished,
non-peer-reviewed data in an attempt to downplay Bassin’s
peer-reviewed published findings of a significant link between
osteosarcoma in boys and water fluoridation..
“EPA has more than enough evidence to shut down fluoridation, right
now, with a special advisory,” says retired EPA scientist, Robert
Carton, PhD. “The safe drinking water act requires the EPA to act to
protect all populations from known or anticipated harm (8),” says
Carton.